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The Proven Science Behind GHK-Cu

At Entera Skincare, we believe in transparency and evidence-based skincare. Our Luminose product's star ingredient, GHK-Cu, is backed by extensive scientific research. Here's what the studies say:

1. UV Protection and Antioxidant Effects

Research has shown that GHK-Cu protects keratinocytes from lethal Ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation, offering significant photoprotection for your skin.

• Blocks formation of reactive oxygen species
• Regulates copper levels and modifies expression of antioxidant genes
• Detoxifies products of lipid peroxidation

Source: Pickart, L., et al. (2015). GHK-Cu may Prevent Oxidative Stress in Skin by Regulating Copper and Modifying Expression of Numerous Antioxidant Genes. Cosmetics, 2(3), 236-247.

2. Skin Regeneration and Healing

GHK-Cu demonstrates remarkable potential in promoting healing processes and skin regeneration.

• Enhances skin remodeling and tissue regeneration
• Exhibits strong anti-inflammatory properties
• Promotes collagen, elastin, and glycosaminoglycan synthesis
• Supports dermal fibroblast function

Source: Pickart, L., et al. (2018). Regenerative and Protective Actions of the GHK-Cu Peptide in the Light of the New Gene Data. International Journal of Molecular Sciences.

3. Anti-Aging Effects

Studies have shown that GHK-Cu can significantly improve various signs of skin aging.

• Improves skin density, thickness, and clarity
• Reduces fine lines and wrinkles
• Increases integrin expression and p63 positivity in keratinocytes, promoting their proliferation

Source: Dou, Y., et al. The potential of GHK as an anti-aging peptide. Vol. 2, Iss: 1, pp 58-61.

4. Wound Healing and Tissue Repair

GHK-Cu plays a crucial role in wound healing and tissue repair processes.

• Stimulates collagen synthesis in fibroblasts
• Enhances the survival of basal stem cells in the skin
• Protects against cortisone-induced inhibition of wound healing

Source: Kang, Y.A., et al. (2009). Copper–GHK increases integrin expression and p63 positivity by keratinocytes. Archives of Dermatological Research.

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Summary of Research on Syn-Ake, EGF, Argireline, and Leuphasyl

Syn-Ake (Dipeptide Diaminobutyroyl Benzylamide Diacetate)

• Mechanism: Syn-Ake mimics the effects of Waglerin-1, a peptide found in the venom of the Temple Viper. It inhibits neuromuscular activity, reducing muscle contractions.
• Benefits: Reduces the appearance of expression lines and wrinkles.

Studies:

• In vitro: Demonstrated muscle-relaxing properties by blocking acetylcholine receptors.
• Clinical: Showed a reduction in wrinkle depth by up to 52% after 28 days of treatment in some studies.
• Safety: Generally well-tolerated with minimal adverse effects reported.

EGF (Epidermal Growth Factor)

• Mechanism: EGF is a polypeptide that stimulates cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation by binding to its receptor (EGFR).
• Benefits: Promotes skin regeneration, reduces wrinkles, improves skin elasticity and hydration.

Studies:

• In vitro: Accelerates keratinocyte proliferation and enhances fibroblast activity.
• Clinical: Demonstrated improvements in skin texture, reduction in fine lines, and increased collagen production. Notable studies show significant skin regeneration and anti-aging effects over several weeks of use.
• Safety: Effective with good tolerability; however, long-term safety data is limited and requires further study.

Argireline (Acetyl Hexapeptide-8)

• Mechanism: Argireline inhibits the SNARE complex, leading to reduced neurotransmitter release and muscle contraction.
• Benefits: Reduces the depth of wrinkles, especially around the eyes and forehead.

Studies:

• In vitro: Reduces catecholamine release, thus decreasing muscle contractions.
• Clinical: Showed a significant reduction in wrinkle depth (up to 30% after 30 days of treatment). Often referred to as "Botox in a jar" due to its muscle-relaxing effects.
• Safety: Well-tolerated with minimal side effects; some studies suggest potential irritation in sensitive skin.

Leuphasyl (Pentapeptide-18)

• Mechanism: Leuphasylmimics the natural enkephalins in the body and interferes with the neuronal SNARE complex, reducing muscle contractions.
• Benefits: Decreases the appearance of dynamic wrinkles.

Studies:

• In vitro: Demonstrated effective reduction of muscle cell contraction.
• Clinical: Combined with other peptides like Argireline, it shows synergistic effects, further reducing wrinkle depth and skin smoothness. Studies show a reduction in wrinkle depth by 11-16% after 28 days
• Safety: Good safety profile with minimal adverse reactions reported.

General Observations

• Combined Use: Many studies suggest enhanced benefits when these peptides are used in combination, as they target different mechanisms of wrinkle formation.
• Efficacy: These peptides are effective primarily in reducing dynamic wrinkles caused by muscle contractions. Their efficacy in static wrinkles (caused by skin aging and loss of elasticity) is less pronounced.
• Safety: Generally safe and well-tolerated, though some peptides may cause irritation in sensitive individuals. Long-term safety data is limited, necessitating further research.

Conclusion

• Syn-Ake, EGF, Argireline, and Leuphasyl have shown promising results in reducing wrinkles and improving skin texture through various mechanisms. Their combined use may offer synergistic benefits, and they are generally safe with minimal side effects. Further studies, especially long-term and comparative trials, are needed to fully understand their efficacy and safety profiles.

References:

1. Dipeptide Diaminobutyroyl Benzylamide Diacetate (Syn-Ake): Clinical Efficacy and Safety. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology.
2. EGF and Skin Rejuvenation: Clinical and In Vitro Evidence. Dermatologic Surgery.
3. Argireline: Mechanism of Action and Clinical Efficacy. International Journal of Cosmetic Science.
4. Peptide-Based Wrinkle Treatments: Comparative Analysis of Leuphasyl and Argireline.
5. Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology.